Irish Persecution by England Essay Example for Free

Irish Persecution by England Essay Anti-Irish sentiment (also known as Hibernophobia, from Hibernia, the Latin name for Ireland) is traditionally rooted in the medieval period. The first British involvement in Ireland began in 1169, when Anglo-Norman troops arrived at Bannow Bay in County Wexford. During the next half millenium, successive English rulers attempted to colonize the island, pitching battles to increase their holdings – moves that sparked periodic rebellions by the Irish. When did this happen? – The English persecution of Ireland began in the 1800’s with the Act of Union which put Ireland officially under the rule of London. It has continued up until present day but persecution has decreased extremely over the past 300 years. Were any specific groups targeted? – Yes, Catholic Irish were strongly persecuted by English Protestants, which continues into present day. North Ireland seceded but was subject to much violence and was eventually forced back under British control, and still is the center of most of the heated debates of today. How were they persecuted? – Irish people were discriminated against and even murdered by English people. One of the most infamous acts came in 1972, when British paratroopers opened fire on a group of Catholic demonstrators and killed 14 people. The Penal Laws were considered to be the first form of official apartheid issued in the world, dividing and targeting people by their religion. All those not of the Anglican/Lutheran faith including not only Catholics but also Jews, Presbyterians and other types of Protestants were denied rights in relation to property ownership, political participation, and university education. Prohibition on mixed marriages on the basis of religious and racial grounds led to many rallies and riots by the Irish against the discrimination and prejudice they faced. How does this affect people today? Ethnic relations in the Republic of Ireland are relatively peaceful, given the uniformity of national culture, but Irish Travellers have often been the victims of prejudice. In Northern Ireland the level of ethnic conflict, which is inextricably linked to the provinces divergence of religion, nationalism, and ethnic identity, is high, and has been since the outbreak of political violence in 1969. Since 1994 there has been a shaky and intermittent cease-fire among the paramilitary groups in Northern Ireland. The 1998 Good Friday agreement is the most recent accord. What happened to cause it? – The English invasion sparked a lot of anti-English sentiment and led to constant fighting between the two groups. Also, the English exerted complete control and did not help the Irish during the Great Famine between 1845 and 1852, which caused riots and sparked other prejudiced movements and laws. Were there any significant figures in this? English King William III asserted complete control over the Irish in 1691. Eamon de Valera was the leader of the Sinn Fein, a political party which advocated Irish independence. He was almost executed for participating in an uprising in Dublin. Michael Collins was the leader of the IRA (the Irish Republican Army) who fought against the British for the Government of Ireland Act in 1920. Bringing the IRA fight into the international spotlight was Bobby Sands, an IRA member who died while on a hunger strike in a Belfast prison to protest his status as a common prisoner, rather than a political one.

The Congress for New Urbanism and Environmental Awareness Essay

The Congress for New Urbanism and Environmental Awareness In the last two decades the New Urbanism movement has begun among planners, designers, and builders. Though it does not provide complete solutions to many of the environmental problems caused by human development, it shows a greater awareness of the undesirable and potentially destructive tendencies exhibited by conventional methods of design, planning and construction. Robert Davis, board chairman of the Congress for the New Urbanism, describes the problem of urban sprawl and development. "For five millennia, we have built towns and cities with strong centers and clear edges, beyond which lay farms and forests and lakes and streams. For five decades these clear edges have become increasingly ragged, and the centrifugal forces of sprawl have flung a strange collection of objects across the landscape. The strangest of these objects are large boxes with very specialized functions. They are connected to each other by swaths of asphalt and each is surrounded by a small sea of the same material. Their placement relative to each other and to the smaller boxes we live in is designed and planned for the maximum possible consumption of our time, and of energy in various forms, including human..."(http://www.cnu.org/nunjuly98.html). "Our monoculture development pattern started as a good idea to separate steel mills and slaughter houses from dwellings. Now we rigidly separate all uses: our homes, our workplaces, our children’s schools, the places we assemble. This not only ensures the maximum possible consumption of time and energy, it also separates us from each other" (http://www.cnu.org/nunjuly98.html). This is a design perspective based on aesthetics instead of enviro... ...d, watertables, or their conditions. Nor was their any specific mention of the use of natural recyclable or sustainable materials in construction. These facts make me aware that there needs to be more collaboration and sharing of knowledge between planners, designers, builders, and ecologists. If ecological concerns are not given consideration in development, ultimately all life forms will suffer. If biologists and ecologists do not understand the essential elements of economics and aesthetics in design when communicating their concerns, nothing will be done to correct current development trends until human health is severely effected. Works Cited CNU Update http://www.cnu.org/nunjuly98.html Environmental Building News http://www.ebuild.com/Archives/Other_ Beth Dunlop, Architectural Record Jan. 97, The New Urbanists The Second Generation, p.132-135

Compare and Contrast Beowulf Book and Movie Essay

In the movie and poem Beowulf there were many differences and similarities that stood out to me. Usually when a book or poem gets made into a movie there are many differences and similarities. This is why I was not surprised that Beowulf the movie was no true to the original poem. I enjoyed the poem a lot more than the movie. The movie seemed artificial and not believable in comparison to the poem. One difference between the poem and the movie was that the poem explained the actual story of Beowulf and his journey in much more detail. On the other hand it was interesting to be able to visually see the poem come to life as it is always easier for my interest to be held when I am watching something instead of reading it. In the hi-tech world we live in visual information may help many people to better focus. The movie portrayed Beowulf cut off his arm so he could kill the dragon and also showed him ripping the dragon’s heart out. He died when he fell off the cliff with the dragon. Read Also:Â  Compare and Contrast Essay Rubric This made it extraordinarily different than the poem, where Beowulf just slayed the dragon without the extra dramatics. Beowulf is considered a heroic figure in the poem because he protected the Danes from the beasts and in the movie he is portrayed more as a liar than a hero. For example he lies about the dragon being his son and having an affair with Grendel’s mother. This was never mentioned in the poem. In the movie, Hrothgar is accused of cheating on Welthow with Grendel’s mother and giving birth to Grendel. In the movie when Beowulf came to protect the country of the Danes he is mesmerized by Grendel’s mother’s beauty however the poem makes no mention of this. Historically women had no power compared to men and this is why there is very little mention of the queen in the poem. In the movie the queen is a central figure who has much power. Given the times having the queen described as such an important figure is completely inaccurate. In the movie Hrothgar commits suicide which was completely different than in the poem. How does hrothgar die? In the movie, Beowulf is the dragon’s father and Hrothgar is Grendels father. This association was never described in the poem. The movie leads us to believe that Hrothgar cheated on Welthow and had a controversial relationship with Grendel’s mother and gave birth to Grendel. In the poem, Beowulf killed Grendel’s mother when he dove into the water and killed her with a sword. Similarities between the poem and the movie include when Grendel dies when Beowulf cuts off his head and his arm and mounts the arm on the wall.

The Contrasted Attitudes to Love in William Shakespeares...

The Contrasted Attitudes to Love in William Shakespeares Twelfth Night In the play, Twelfth Night, Shakespeare shows two main attitudes to love. The courtly, fairy tale love among people of high social class, for example Duke Orsinos attitude to love, and there is the earthy, realistic and physical love among the middle and lower class, like the love between Sir Toby and Maria. Shakespeare parallels the idealized love with earthy love, and between these are expressed the attitudes to love of Olivia, Viola and Feste. Duke Orsinos opening speech to the play is all four legs that make the throne of courtly love. This paragraph explains the whole of Orsinos personality; very romantic, madly†¦show more content†¦high fantastical) and makes his speech sound very high class. The language in this speech is in blank verse which means that the words do not rhyme there are ten syllables in each line, which is Iambic Pentameter, where the reader stresses on the first syllable then says the next syllable softly and repeats this again and again. The reader should say this speech slowly and steadily with a sonorous effect. The speech also has to have long vowels to keep the rhythm going and to add to the effect. Also in this speech he is showing off with his high class words and the gestures that I imagine he will be using while saying this speech. Orsino is acting as a male drama queen during this part of the play. And all this showing off is very suitable to his rank as a Duke. I personally found the O!s he used were very big parts of his showing off as you can imagine a man lying down on a couch with his hand on his forehead saying that. Orsino also uses words like sicken, die, dying fall, and surfighting which all are words linked to the Romantic image of love where to die is the ultimate sacrifice. This was used a lot in Shakespearean times. This is a classic example of courtly love. Courtly love is a type of love among the people of high social class like knights, dukes, counts, princes, and so on. The word courtly love is from the Italian translationShow MoreRelatedComparison Between Christopher Marlowes Doctor Faustus and William Shakespeares Twelfth Night872 Words   |  4 Pagesï » ¿Christopher Marlowes Doctor Faustus versus William Shakespeares Twelfth Night Both Christopher Marlowes Doctor Faustus and William Shakespeares Twelfth Night deploy many of the same characteristic rhetorical features of 16th century verse dramas. Both plays are characterized by highly elaborate language, usually in iambic pentameter, although different types of verse structures are occasionally used to convey different moods or character types. Both plays combine tragedy and comedy within the